Pdf poverty, oil exploration and niger delta crisis. This study sets out to establish that the rising militancy in the niger delta area of nigeria is an outcrop of the lackluster quality of the countrys leadership. The niger delta crisis and the roles of governmental agencies in nigeria. The niger delta is an unstable area of nigeria, and interethnic clashes are common often access to oil revenue is the trigger for the violence. Introduction oil exploitation in the niger delta region of nigeria began in 1956 at a production level of 5,100 barrels per day pd and was first exported to europe. As the nations treasure base, the niger delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings.
The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Some of the interim findings of a comprehensive study of the amnesty for peace programme, was presented in this monograph. There is a limit to which people will endure abuse, exploitation and rape. While some facilitated access to relevant information and data, others provided valuable contributions to ensure the high quality and independence of the report. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to. A nigerian newspaper and online version of the vanguard, a daily publication in nigeria covering nigeria news, niger delta, general national news, politics, business, energy, sports. Also, the issue of employment of youth and graduates of oil producing communities is a recurring variable in the conflict. Violence in the niger delta area is attributed, in the main, to weak institutional arrangements. Suddenly, the region has turned into a boiling cauldron, unsettling the existing political equilibrium in the country through hostage taking and vandalism of crude oil pipelines with the militants quest being but a.
Home topics criminology project topics pdf the niger delta crisis. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria. Delta raises fundamental concerns about how western. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. An assessment of the causes, agitation, major challenges for omncs and suggestions for tackling insurgency in the niger delta region of nigeria 17 international journal of research in humanities and social studies v4 i10 2017 statement of research problem scholars have overtime made use of several names. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state. Niger delta crisis and amnesty programme implementation in nigeria. Takwa zebulon suifon and ifeanyi okechukwu address enquiries to. Crisis, domino effect, gulf of guinea, militants, niger delta, oil, pirates. Niger delta communities see little of nigerias oil revenues. An assessment of the niger delta crisis and nigerias. Behind fighterplanes and gunboats, nigerian forces launched a fullscale offensive in the niger delta. The emergence of militia and cult groups among the communities in the last. The desire to control that trade and the production and extraction of that oil made the niger delta a contested terrain and a zone of conflicts.
The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta has threatened some rocket attacks. The state and development interventions in the niger delta. Consequently, the region has become a place of frustrated expectations and a hot bed for violence ogege, 2011. Pdf on jan 31, 2014, ihayere celestina and others published the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The niger delta crisis and the roles of governmental agencies. Niger delta crisis no doubt has implications for nigeria. Abia, akwaibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Systematic sample method was adopted to get the sample size.
The response of the youth article pdf available april 2009 with 2,358 reads how we measure reads. Pdf the emergence of militancy in the niger delta region led to problems of insecurity, pipeline vandalisation, disruption of oil. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. The failed piecemeal institutional measures of the nigerian state to the niger delta crisis and youth restiveness. Pdf the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks. Data shows a significantly higher number of conflict incidents and fatalities in 2016. On thursday, the coalition of niger delta agitators who had issued a quit notice ultimatum to the hausa and yoruba residing in. Although ogoniland is only a small part of the niger delta, mosops protests had potentially wide ramifications. This paper drama and the niger delta crisis captures the harrowing existential conditions of the niger delta region of nigeria. Oil exploration and current state of the niger delta niger delta is made up of nine states namely. A region so rich in resources yet so poor, a major contributor to the development of the nigerian state yet itself underdeveloped, a region classified as the worlds largest wetland, yet lacks potable. Amnesty refers to a general pardon of offence by government or deliberate over look of offences against the state. The niger delta crisis, as the world has now realised, will not soon go away. The production level increased to 20,000 barrels pd before independence in 1960.
Real issues in the niger delta crisis vanguard news. National network coordinator, wanepnigeria, 3, soji. Understanding the complex drivers of violent oilrelated conflict cyril obi abstract this paper explores the complex roots and dimensions of the niger delta conflict which has escalated from ethnic minority protests against the federal nigerian stateoil multinationals alliance in the 1990s to. Exploring womens participation in peace processes authors. The findings of the study the prevailing situation in the niger delta. Niger delta amnesty programme 2009 the disarmed militants were moved to designated collection points and camps in six niger delta states. Vast stretches of the region have erratic electricity supplies, poor water quality, and few functioning schools, health care centres, post offices or police stations. Therefore the focus of this study was to determine the cause of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state. The ndc is all about a commensurate benefit from devastating exploration and exploitation of crude oil and gas from the niger delta alesina and perotti, 1996.
Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on. While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. The study employed content analysis as its research method. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. At present, the amnesty programme is six years since it implementation in the niger delta as the federal government of nigeria through the amnesty package had good intentions for granting militants. Which ever way you look at it, the root cause of the whole niger delta crisis is injustice. Crisis groups first report on the niger delta examined the historical and societal underpinnings of the growing insurgency. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Fuelling the niger delta crisis crisis group africa report n118, 28 september 2006 page iii federal and state governments and niger delta parties, based on the proposal already accepted in principle by several delta activist and militant groups. The amnesty programme and the resolution of the niger. Pdf drama and the niger delta crisis rawlings rufus.
Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to. Cvx announced today that it is increasing its support to the niger delta partnership initiative foundation. Niger delta quarterly conflict trends, july to september. In 1995, the year of the executions, oil made up 95. Us foreign policy and the niger delta conflict pambazuka. The research instrument was a self designed questionnaire named a. This paper examines oil and security in nigeria, with special reference to the crisisravaged niger delta. Oil and gas companies and community crises in the niger delta. To a greater extent, the niger delta crisis ndc is a struggle of the ignored minorities against the supposed majorities peterside, 2006.
Jul 17, 2009 the niger delta crisis by kia mistilis. Three or four phases can be identifies in the evolution of the niger delta crisis. It examines the often hazy overlap between the militant niger delta cause and criminal and political motives, and identifies the steps required to defuse the conflict. An assessment of the causes, agitation, major challenges for omncs and suggestions for tackling insurgency in the niger delta region of nigeria mercy erhi makpor department of human resources, school of economics and management, university of minho, portugal. Oil and gas companies and community crises in the niger delta 7 companies that fail to assist in providing social amenities. Melford okilo, a onetime governor of rivers state, has. Corruption, crises, development, niger delta, oil, poverty. Because the nigerian government has proven incapable of solving this problem, the time is now for the international community especially the united states of america to step in.
Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to surrender their arms. Introduction a crisis is a change either sudden or evolving that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately harvard business essential. Behind fighterplanes and gunboats, nigerian forces launched a fullscale offensive in the niger delta on may, displacing 30,000 people and sparking a. Crisis in the niger delta 5 the most pressing development needs are for better roads, water transport, power, and telecommunications. The niger delta human development report benefited immensely from many individuals and institutions. Wcpcg2010 causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in. The amnesty is now six years since it implementation however, this study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the amnesty programme in post conflict niger delta region. The only visible government presence in many parts is a heavilyarmed security apparatus. The niger delta dilemma is one that is of two significant seperate problems one is the neglection of the nigeria delta people the itsekiris and the ijaws but number two is the refusal of the federal government to respond to the demands of the militants, the government have now seena need to deelevate poverty in the area and a lot of money is. As the nations treasure base, the niger delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange. Niger delta, oil production, conflict, oil crisis, crisis management. The niger delta is again at risk of sliding into chaos. Niger delta militants withdraws october 1 quit notice it had issued to hausa and yoruba to leave the oil rich region. Also, the bulk of nigerias biodiversity and some of her.
Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. The conspiracies of the old colonial masters, in tandem with the. Since the oil boom, violence in the niger delta has been a growing. Hostage taking and the dilemma of the nigerian state. Solution to niger delta crisis crucial to nations economy. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between. Conducted with the used of qualitative research methodology and analysis, this research. Sep 30, 2016 nigerians daily loss to activities of militants in the niger delta may soon ground the nations economy if government continues to trade blame over the issue, a council member of the nigerian. The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to resolve. While at times ambiguous and incoherent, president yaraduas efforts in the delta included the creation of the niger delta technical committee in 2008, the establishment of the ministry of niger delta affairs in 2008, and a scheme to organize militants into a private company charged with guarding oil facilities. Violence in nigerias oil rich rivers state in 2004. The findings of the study the prevailing situation in the niger delta region of nigeria and in zimbabwe, which has.
Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human. The general objective of the research is to assess the impacts, challenges and sustainability of the amnesty programme and the political settlements leading to it, as a strategy of conflict resolution and peace building at the subnational level. If significant progress could be made on these fronts, much of the sense of injustice and marginalization on the part of the delta population would be assuaged. Chukwuemeka eze, bridget osakwe, bukola akosile, evelyn mere editorquality assurance. The 29 may 2007 inauguration of new federal and state governments offered an opportunity to resolve longstanding conflicts afflicting the oilrich, deeply impoverished region. Introduction since the early 2010s, the jihadist armed group boko haram has wielded power and influence in northeastern nigeria and parts of adjoining states in the lake chad basin. Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on communities and its influence on restiveness in niger delta. Monday uijiakhien okojie abstract the frequency of.
Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on communities and its influence on restiveness in niger delta, nigeria. Introduction the niger delta region of nigeria accounts for more than 90 percent of earnings from oil and gas, 80 percent of gross domestic product gdp and 95 percent of the national budget of nigeria. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. The niger delta crisis has, in very recent times, taken a much more dangerous dimension, under scoring the failure of governments and nonstate actors, including the multinational companies mncs to bring the crises to an end. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s despite the conversion to democracy clarification needed and the election of the. The niger delta crisis has been a major threat to both socioeconomic activities in the niger delta region of nigeria. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger deltas minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. Shell for its active involvement in the delta conflict.
Nigerians daily loss to activities of militants in the niger delta may soon ground the nations economy if government continues to trade blame over the. Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from. The niger delta crisis and the roles of governmental. Niger delta region is the geographical heart of crude oil exploration in nigeria from where the nation earns up to 99.
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